Build ASP.NET Applications with mod_mono on Ubuntu 10.04

mod_mono is an Apache module that makes it possible to run ASP.NET applications in Linux environments running Apache. While ASP.NET is a Microsoft technology and is traditionally used with IIS, mod_mono has become a viable option for deploying ASP.NET applications on Linux. This guide is largely based on the mod_mono guide from the Ubuntu Community and the Mono Project’s Apache and Mono document with minor modifications. This guide does not cover installation and configuration of the Mono IDE which is used to develop ASP.NET applications on Linux. If you are interested in developing using Visual Studio for Mono, you can download a 30-day trial of the commercial Mono Tools plugin at the Mono Tools for Visual Studio page.

This guide assumes that you’ve followed the steps outlined in our Setting Up and Securing a Compute Instance. You will install the Apache web server with very minimal configuration. If you already have Apache installed and configured, you may omit these steps; however, if you have not installed Apache and are unfamiliar with this server read the installation guide for additional documentation. Additionally, mod_mono is incompatible with the integrated PHP interpreter described in other guides. If you need to have both mod_mono and PHP running on the same Apache server you will need to run PHP scripts using the CGI method

Set the Hostname

Before you begin installing and configuring the components described in this guide, please make sure you’ve followed our instructions for setting your hostname. Issue the following commands to make sure it is set properly:

hostname
hostname -f

The first command should show your short hostname, and the second should show your fully qualified domain name (FQDN).

Install Required Software

Enable Universe Repositories

Before installing mod_mono we must ensure that the universe repositories are enabled on your system. Your /etc/apt/sources.list should resemble the following (you may have to uncomment or add the universe lines):

File: /etc/apt/sources.list

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## main & restricted repositories deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid main restricted deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid main restricted deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates main restricted deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid main restricted deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted ## universe repositories deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid universe deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid universe deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates universe deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates universe deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security universe deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security universe

If you had to enable new repositories, issue the following command to update your package lists:

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

Install Apache

If you already have Apache installed and configured, you can safely skip this section of the guide. Install Apache by running the following command:

apt-get install apache2

As mentioned earlier, you will need to go to the installation guide if you wish to configure your server beyond the default configuration.

Install mod_mono

The Apache daemon must be stopped before mod_mono is installed. Issue the following command to stop the apache process:

/etc/init.d/apache2 stop

At this point we’re able to install the required packages for mod_mono. Run the following command:

apt-get install mono-apache-server2 libapache2-mod-mono libmono-i18n2.0-cil

While installing, you will see a prompt that looks like the following:

Configuration file `/etc/apache2/mods-available/mod_mono.conf'
 ==> File on system created by you or by a script.
 ==> File also in package provided by package maintainer.
   What would you like to do about it ?  Your options are:
    Y or I  : install the package maintainer's version
    N or O  : keep your currently-installed version
      D     : show the differences between the versions
      Z     : background this process to examine the situation
 The default action is to keep your current version.
*** mod_mono.conf (Y/I/N/O/D/Z) [default=N] ?

Accept the default option at this point. When the installation process completes start Apache with the following command:

/etc/init.d/apache2 start

Configure Apache

We recommend using name-based virtual hosts for web hosting. Refer to the Apache documentation for setting up Name-based virtual hosts.

Recent versions of mod_mono utilize the AutoHosting method of application deployment. This allows non-privileged users to deploy new applications without modifying Apache configuration files. While this provides great flexibility, it may also present a security risk. As a result, mod_mono must be enabled on a per-virtual host basis.

For the sake of this guide, we’re going to create a site on the root of our example domain, example.org. If you already have an Apache configuration for the root of your site, you will need to modify your existing virtual host file or create a new one on a subdomain of your site. Create the virtual host file, taking the following example virtual host configuration and modifying it to suit your needs. You may also use the Mod_Mono Configuration Generator to generate your own custom configuration.

File: /etc/apache2/sites-available/example.org

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<VirtualHost *:80> ServerName example.org ServerAdmin web-admin@example.org ServerAlias www.example.org DocumentRoot /srv/www/example.org/public_html ErrorLog /srv/www/example.org/logs/error.log CustomLog /srv/www/example.org/logs/access.log combined MonoServerPath example.org "/usr/bin/mod-mono-server2" MonoDebug example.org true MonoSetEnv example.org MONO_IOMAP=all MonoApplications example.org "/:/srv/www/example.org/public_html" <Location "/"> Allow from all Order allow,deny MonoSetServerAlias example.org SetHandler mono SetOutputFilter DEFLATE SetEnvIfNoCase Request_URI "\.(?:gif|jpe?g|png)$" no-gzip dont-vary </Location> <IfModule mod_deflate.c> AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/plain text/xml text/javascript </IfModule> </VirtualHost>

Save and close the file, and create the directories referenced in the DocumentRoot and ErrorLog directive:

mkdir -p /srv/www/example.org/public_html
mkdir /srv/www/example.org/logs

Enable the site by running the a2ensite command:

a2ensite example.org

Since we have modified the virtual host configuration, Apache must be reloaded:

/etc/init.d/apache2 reload

If you still see the default “It works!” Apache installation page, you may need to disable the default site. Run the following command if this is an issue for you:

a2dissite default
/etc/init.d/apache2 reload

Note: Should you restart Apache in the future, you will see an error that will look similar to this:

[crit] (13)Permission denied: Failed to attach to existing dashboard,
and removing dashboard file '/tmp/mod_mono_dashboard_XXGLOBAL_1' failed
(Operation not permitted). Further action impossible.

You can safely ignore this warning, as it won’t affect deployment using the methods explained in this guide.

Installing MySQL Connector/Net for ASP.NET

This section assumes that you already have a functioning MySQL installation. Please refer to our MySQL Installation Guide for more detailed instructions for installing MySQL, otherwise issue the following command:

apt-get install mysql-server

In order for your ASP.NET application to communicate properly with your MySQL server, you must install the MySQL Connector/Net driver. The following command will install the connector:

apt-get install libmysql6.1-cil

Creating a Database to Test the MySQL Connector

Now that the MySQL Connector has been installed, you should test it by creating a sample database and a test table. First you must log in to your MySQL DBMS:

mysql -u root -p

Next you must create the sample table. Issue the following commands at the MySQL prompt:

CREATE DATABASE sample;
USE sample;
CREATE TABLE test (id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(25));
INSERT INTO sample.test VALUES (null, 'Lucy');
INSERT INTO sample.test VALUES (null, 'Ivan');
INSERT INTO sample.test VALUES (null, 'Nicole');
INSERT INTO sample.test VALUES (null, 'Ursula');
INSERT INTO sample.test VALUES (null, 'Xavier');

Finally you must create a test user named “testuser” and give that user access to the newly created sample database:

CREATE USER 'testuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'somepassword';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON sample.* TO 'testuser'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Creating a Simple ASP.NET Application

Now that you have created a sample database, you can test your installation with the following test page. This will not only test your Mono installation but it will also will test your MySQL connector configuration. First create a file called testdb.aspx in your DocumentRoot and paste the text below into it. Be sure to change the User ID and Password to match what you specified above.

File: /srv/www/example.org/public\\_html/testdb.aspx

<%@ Page Language="C#" %>
<%@ Import Namespace="System.Data" %>
<%@ Import Namespace="MySql.Data.MySqlClient" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<title>ASP and MySQL Test Page</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />

<script runat="server">
private void Page_Load(Object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string connectionString = "Server=127.0.0.1;Database=sample;User ID=testuser;Password=somepassword;Pooling=false;";
MySqlConnection dbcon = new MySqlConnection(connectionString);
dbcon.Open();

MySqlDataAdapter adapter = new MySqlDataAdapter("SELECT * FROM test", dbcon);
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
adapter.Fill(ds, "result");

dbcon.Close();
dbcon = null;

SampleControl.DataSource = ds.Tables["result"];
SampleControl.DataBind();
}
</script>

</head>

<body>
<h1>Testing Sample Database</h1>
<asp:DataGrid runat="server" id="SampleControl" />
</body>

</html>

Next you will need to create a web.config file. You can copy and paste the example below. Please note that Custom Errors have been turned off in this web.config for debugging purposes. The customErrors mode line should be removed in a production environment.

File: /srv/www/example.org/public\\_html/web.config

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<configuration> <system.web> <customErrors mode="Off"/> <compilation> <assemblies> <add assembly="MySql.Data"/> </assemblies> </compilation> </system.web> </configuration>

Restart the web server process by issuing the following command:

/etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Visit the testdb.aspx file in a web browser. If you see the text “Testing Sample Databases” in your browser with the information that you inserted into the database above, you now have a functioning mod_mono installation and can continue with the development and deployment of your own application!

More Information

You may wish to consult the following resources for additional information on this topic. While these are provided in the hope that they will be useful, please note that we cannot vouch for the accuracy or timeliness of externally hosted materials.

• Mono Project - Homepage
• Mono Project - Autohosting Documentation
• Mod_Mono Configuration Generator
• ModMono - Ubuntu Community Documentation